Abstract

随着科技的发展和建筑行业的不断变革，建筑信息模型技术(BIM)已成为现代竣工阶段管理中不可或缺的工具，BIM技术已经渗透到建筑全生命周期的每个阶段。

With the development of science and technology and the continuous changes in the construction industry, building information modeling technology (BIM) has become an indispensable tool in the management of modern completion stage, and BIM technology has penetrated into every stage of the whole life cycle of the building.

BIM技术在招标阶段，可以提供工程量比对、方案比选、估算工期和费用等优势；BIM技术在设计阶段，可以为设计成果质量控制提供有力支持。通过BIM技术，建筑师和工程师可以将设计方案转化为数字模型，进行动态的模拟和分析。这可以帮助他们发现问题，并及时进行修正。

In the bidding stage, BIM technology can provide the advantages of engineering quantity comparison, scheme comparison, duration estimation and cost, etc. In the design stage, BIM technology can provide strong support for the quality control of design results. BIM technology enables architects and engineers to transform design solutions into digital models for dynamic simulation and analysis.

BIM技术在施工阶段，可以提高施工效率，减少人力成本。BIM技术可以将所有相关信息集中到一个共享的数字模型中，建立一个全面的工程管理系统。这样，施工人员就可以轻松地通过平板电脑或智能手机访问这个模型，快速获得所需信息，避免重复劳动、减少错误并提高效率。BIM技术，还可以帮助监理人员轻松地跟踪施工进度，实时反馈施工情况，以确保工程的质量和进度均得以把握。

BIM technology can improve construction efficiency and reduce labor costs at the construction stage. BIM technology can centralize all relevant information into a shared digital model to build a comprehensive project management system. This allows construction crews to easily access the model from a tablet or smartphone and quickly get the information they need, avoiding rework, reducing errors and improving efficiency. BIM technology can also help supervisors easily track the construction progress and feedback the construction situation in real time, so as to ensure the quality and progress of the project can be grasped.

当然，BIM技术同时可以应用于竣工阶段，可以帮助降低工程成本。可以比对招标模型、比对招标工程量、计算工程中变更量与清单量，提高建筑工程的质量和完整性。本文旨在通过分析竣工阶段存在的问题，通过应用BIM技术可以解决竣工阶段存在的问题，从而探讨BIM技术在竣工阶段的应用价值分析。

Of course, BIM technology can also be applied to the completion stage, which can help reduce project costs. It can compare the bidding model, compare the bidding quantity, calculate the change quantity and list quantity in the project, improve the quality and integrity of the construction project. This paper aims to solve the problems existing in the completion stage by analyzing the problems existing in the completion stage through the application of BIM technology, so as to discuss the application value analysis of BIM technology in the completion stage.

关键词：BIM技术；竣工验收；量价结算；移交运维

Key words: BIM technology; Acceptance of completion; Volume and price settlement; Transfer operation and maintenance

竣工阶段存在的问题及BIM技术解决方案

Problems existing in the completion stage and BIM technology solutions

Q1 : 竣工时间难

Q1: The completion time is difficult

因为现场变更、施工条件受天气影响、材料供应没跟上等原因，导致现场竣工时间难以把控。竣工时间的延误可能会带来额外的成本，例如：人力费用、材料费用、银行利息等。

Due to site changes, construction conditions affected by weather, materials supply did not keep up and other reasons, resulting in the site completion time is difficult to control. Any delay in completion may incur additional costs, such as labor, materials, bank interest, etc.

Solution ：在施工准备阶段，可以使用BIM技术，将施工过程中的各个环节进行模拟，做好人、材、机、施工工艺、工法节点等问题落在BIM模型中，做好4D和5D技术进行施工模拟。

Solution: In the stage of construction preparation, BIM technology can be used to simulate all links in the construction process, and make the problems of people, materials, machinery, construction technology and construction method nodes fall into the BIM model, and make the 4D and 5D technology for construction simulation.

Q2 : 质量控制难

Q2: Quality control is difficult

设计指导施工，在施工过程中，需要严格按照设计方案进行施工。实际上并非如此，通过施工过程中由于设计不落地的原因导致的设计变更，如：设计方案存在缺陷，或者施工方案不当，都会导致竣工后出现质量问题。

Design guide construction, in the construction process, need to be in strict accordance with the design scheme for construction. In fact, this is not the case. The design changes caused by the design not landing in the construction process, such as defects in the design scheme or improper construction scheme, will lead to quality problems after completion.

Solution ： 在设计阶段，可以使用BIM技术，将施工过程中的各个环节进行模拟，将材料、设备、厂家、参数、信息落实到模型中，在招标阶段提供竣工阶段模型，这种方式，可以有效避免施工工程中变更导致的时间延误。

Solution: In the design stage, BIM technology can be used to simulate each link in the construction process, the materials, equipment, manufacturers, parameters, information into the model, in the bidding stage to provide the completion stage model, this way, can effectively avoid the time delay caused by the change in the construction project.

Q3 : 竣工结算难

Q3: Difficult settlement on completion

在施工过程中，存在施工过程变更、变更签证不及时、管理人员流动、对接资料与现场周期长，最终导致竣工阶段难以结算。

In the construction process, there are changes in the construction process, untimely change of visa, management personnel flow, long period of docking data and site, and finally it is difficult to settle the settlement at the completion stage.

Solution ： 在施工过程中，使用基于BIM的5D施工管理平台，将施工过程中的纸质版资料转换为电子版，上传到云平台。例如：签证、变更、现场问题、监测报告、监理意见、甲方审批等，辅助竣工结算。

Solution: In the construction process, the BIM based 5D construction management platform is used to convert the paper version of the data in the construction process into electronic version and upload it to the cloud platform. For example: visa, change, site problems, monitoring report, supervision opinions, Party A's approval, etc., assist in completion settlement.

Q4 : 图纸存档难

Q4: It is difficult to file drawings

项目落地后，需要将竣工图纸移交给当地的档案管。实际上，档案管的存档图纸往往并非最终的竣工图纸，这导致后期改造和大楼翻新过程中的麻烦。改造类项目，需要去档案管查找竣工图纸，档案管的图纸存在无存档、存档图纸与现场不符、存档图纸专业不全、改造过程版存档不及时等问题。

Upon completion of the project, as-built drawings shall be handed over to the local file manager. In practice, archived drawings in archival management are often not final as-built drawings, which leads to problems in later renovations and building renovations.

Solution ： 在竣工阶段，可以通过点云技术与BIM技术嫁接，提交以点云为最终扫描的技术资料，以及BIM竣工模型进行电子存档。改造类项目，可以采用无人机、点云扫描等技术，对现状无图纸的建筑进行扫描。

Solution: At the completion stage, we can graft BIM technology with point cloud technology, submit the technical data scanned by point cloud as the final, and BIM completion model for electronic archiving. For renovation projects, UAV, point cloud scanning and other technologies can be used to scan buildings without drawing.

Q5 : 运维管理难

Q5: Operation and maintenance management is difficult

目前运维管理处在起步阶段，分为两种情况。一种类型是新建建筑，新建建筑有BIM基础，可以直接移交运维BIM模型；另一种类型是老建筑及现状改造类建筑，存在档案管无模型、无图纸、现状无条件等难点。

At present, operation and maintenance management is in its initial stage, which can be divided into two situations. One type is newly built buildings, which have BIM foundation and can be directly transferred to operation and maintenance BIM model; The other type is old buildings and current status renovation buildings, there are difficulties in archive management, such as no model, no drawings, unconditional status.

Solution ： 可以借助无人机、点云扫描等技术，对现状无图纸的建筑进行扫描。翻建BIM模型后，移交BIM团队。

Solution: With the help of UAV, point cloud scanning and other technologies, we can scan the buildings without drawing. After rebuilding the BIM model, hand it over to the BIM team.

结论

conclusion

通过BIM技术在竣工阶段的应用，可以实现施工和竣工时间节点的把控、设计质量与竣工质量的把控、提高竣工结算的效率、方便竣工图纸的存档与查询、方便建筑运维和智慧城市模型的移交等优势。

Through the application of BIM technology in the completion stage, it can realize the control of the time nodes of construction and completion, the control of design quality and completion quality, improve the efficiency of completion settlement, facilitate the archiving and inquiry of as-built drawings, facilitate the construction operation and the transfer of smart city model and other advantages.

最后，BIM技术在竣工阶段还可以提高建筑物的后期维护效率。通过BIM技术，所有的设计、施工和运营信息都集中在一个模型中，可以轻松地访问到这些信息。这可以为建筑物的后期维护提供有力支持，帮助维护人员开展有效维护工作，延长建筑物的使用寿命。

Finally, BIM technology can also improve the later maintenance efficiency of buildings at the completion stage. With BIM technology, all design, construction and operational information is centralized in one model and easily accessible. This can provide strong support for the later maintenance of buildings, help maintenance personnel to carry out effective maintenance work, and extend the service life of buildings.

 作者：第六情报科