摘要
Abstract
BIM 技术已经广泛应用于建筑设计和施工阶段，正在扩展到运维管理和设施管理。为了更好地管理和维护建筑设施，运维管理系统必须嫁接到 BIM 技术之上，以更加高效、准确地处理数据和管理设施。
BIM technology has been widely used in the architectural design and construction phase, and is being extended to operation and maintenance management and facility management. In order to better manage and maintain building facilities, operation and maintenance management system must be grafted onto BIM technology to process data and manage facilities more efficiently and accurately.
本文介绍 BIM 技术与设施运维管理系统的结合，并说明这种结合如何提高设施管理的质量和效率。BIM 技术可以为运维管理提供高效的数据管理和视觉化。通过采集数据和建立 3D 模型，BIM 技术可以提供对设施各个组成部分的详细信息，包括材料、尺寸、位置、维保时间、耗电量统计等等。运维人员可以通过 BIM 技术定位设施的具体位置，分析其构造和材料特性，快速了解设施的维修、保养和更换需求，从而实现更加精确和高效的运维管理。
This paper introduces the combination of BIM technology and facility operation and maintenance management system, and explains how this combination improves the quality and efficiency of facility management. BIM technology can provide efficient data management and visualization for operation and maintenance management. By collecting data and building 3D models, BIM technology can provide detailed information about the various components of a facility, including materials, size, location, maintenance time, power consumption statistics, and more. By using BIM technology, operation and maintenance personnel can locate facilities, analyze their structure and material characteristics, and quickly understand the repair, maintenance and replacement requirements of facilities, thus achieving more accurate and efficient operation and maintenance management.
除了提供数据管理和视觉化，BIM 技术还可以改善设施管理的协作和沟通。通过 BIM 技术，运维人员可以轻松共享设施信息和运维进展，互相沟通和协作，以达到更快捷的管理效果。此外，使用 BIM 技术还可以提前预测设施未来的运营情况，快速响应问题并制定解决方案，从而减少设施的运营成本。
In addition to providing data management and visualization, BIM technology can also improve collaboration and communication in facility management. Through BIM technology, operation and maintenance personnel can easily share facility information and operation and maintenance progress, communicate and cooperate with each other, so as to achieve faster management effect. In addition, the use of BIM technology can also predict the future operation of the facility in advance, quickly respond to problems and develop solutions, thus reducing the operating costs of the facility.
本文分析了什么是建筑设施运维管理；讨论了BIM技术如何嫁接建筑设施运维管理系统；最终，阐述了基于BIM技术的建筑设施运维管理系统的应用价值。
This paper analyzes what is the operation and maintenance management of building facilities; This paper discusses how to graft the operation and maintenance management system of building facilities with BIM technology. Finally, the application value of building facilities operation and maintenance management system based on BIM technology is expounded.
关键词：BIM技术；设施管理；运维管理；智慧城市
什么是建筑设施运维管理
What is the operation and maintenance management of building facilities
简单回顾下建筑的全生命周期，大楼从拿地阶段开始，经过设计、施工、装配等多个流程。然而，大多数开发项目从拿地到竣工验收需要18到36个月的时间。大多数建筑的设计年限在50-100年，从建筑的竣工验收到拆除重建，建筑内部的设施运营维护则需要漫长的生命周期。
A brief review of the whole life cycle of the building, the building from the land acquisition stage, through design, construction, assembly and other processes. Most developments, however, take 18 to 36 months from land acquisition to completion. The design life of most buildings is 50-100 years. From the completion and acceptance of buildings to demolition and reconstruction, the operation and maintenance of facilities inside the buildings need a long life cycle.
建筑运维管理系统，是指对建筑物进行全面有效的运营、维护和管理的过程。主要包括对建筑物的设备、系统和结构进行检查和维护、定期检查和修复必要设施和设备、管理设施和设备的供应和操作、进行安全和环境监控、保障建筑物内部的卫生和清洁、以及规划并实施用于显著减少能耗、提高建筑效率的计划等各种细致入微的操作。
Building operation and maintenance management system refers to the process of comprehensive and effective operation, maintenance and management of buildings. These include inspection and maintenance of the building's equipment, systems and structure, regular inspection and repair of necessary facilities and equipment, management of the supply and operation of facilities and equipment, safety and environmental monitoring, ensuring the hygiene and cleanliness of the building interior, and planning and implementing programs to significantly reduce energy consumption and improve building efficiency.
建筑运维管理系统，目标是确保建筑物始终处于安全、舒适和可持续的状态，并确保建筑设施能够满足业主和使用者的需求。提高建筑物对环境的适应性，并保证建筑的安全性、可靠性、节能性和环保性。同时，建筑运维管理还可以帮助业主和使用者节省维护和操作费用，及时解决维护和操作问题，延长建筑设施的使用寿命。
Building operation management system, the objective is to ensure that the building is always in a safe, comfortable and sustainable state, and that the building facilities are able to meet the needs of the owners and users. Improve the adaptability of buildings to the environment, and ensure the safety, reliability, energy saving and environmental protection of buildings. Meanwhile, building operation and maintenance management can also help owners and users save maintenance and operation costs, solve maintenance and operation problems in time, and extend the service life of building facilities.
建筑运维管理系统，主要的建筑能耗管理和城市可持续发展发面具有划时代的意义。通过传感器采集数据、网络信号传输、中央控制系统显示，有效控制建筑内部的动力电源、空调智能系统、采暖系统、电梯、灯具等其他能源控制和管理。
Building operation and maintenance management system, the main building energy consumption management and urban sustainable development have epoch-making significance. Through the sensor data collection, network signal transmission, central control system display, effectively control the building internal power supply, air conditioning intelligent system, heating system, elevator, lamps and other energy control and management.
建筑设施运维管理的行业痛点和难点
Construction facilities operation and maintenance management industry pain points and difficulties
信息收集难：建筑设施管理涉及到各种设施、设备和部件的信息维护、保养和修复。然而，这些信息通常散落在各种格式和渠道中，包括纸质和电子文件等，难以进行统一管理。
Difficult information collection: Construction facilities management involves the maintenance, maintenance and repair of various facilities, equipment and components. However, such information is often scattered in various formats and channels, including paper and electronic documents, and difficult to manage uniformly.
设备维护更新难：建筑设施、设备和系统的更新换代较为缓慢，这使得建筑管理者难以及时跟上时代发展的步伐，导致设施效率和安全性低下。
Difficult maintenance and updating of equipment: the upgrading of building facilities, equipment and systems is slow, which makes it difficult for building managers to keep up with the pace of development of The Times, resulting in low efficiency and safety of facilities.
预算分配难：建筑运维管理需要投入大量资金和资源，但往往由于缺乏系统性的预算策略，导致资源分配不合理，无法充分发挥资金和资源的效益。
Difficult budget allocation: Construction operation and maintenance management needs to invest a lot of funds and resources, but often due to the lack of systematic budget strategies, resulting in unreasonable allocation of resources, unable to give full play to the benefits of funds and resources.
能耗管理难：目前有许多信息技术可以帮助建筑设施管理者更好地管理和维护建筑物，但许多机构或企业在信息技术化转型上过于躁进或者滞后，尤其是在能源系统的数据采集方面，没有一套完整的数字化、信息化系统。
Energy consumption management is difficult: at present, there are a lot of information technologies that can help managers of building facilities to better manage and maintain buildings, but many institutions or enterprises are too hasty or backward in the transformation of information technology, especially in the data acquisition of energy system, there is no complete set of digital, information system.
BIM技术嫁接设施运维管理系统
BIM technology grafting facility operation and maintenance management system
首先，需要建立一个包含所有设施信息的 BIM 模型，是基于建筑竣工验收的建筑BIM模型。通过三维可视化、轻量化建筑模型上传基于BIM的互联网平台。该模型包含建筑中所有的机电、消防、通风、排烟、空调、电梯、以及其他需要管理和维护的设备系统，使设施管理人员可以快速查看设施的具体构造和组成部分。
First of all, it is necessary to establish a BIM model that includes all facility information, which is based on building completion acceptance. Upload BIM based Internet platform through 3D visualization and lightweight building model. The model contains all the electromechanical, firefighting, ventilation, smoke extraction, air conditioning, elevator, and other equipment systems that need to be managed and maintained in the building, allowing facility managers to quickly view the specific structure and components of the facility.
其次，BIM 模型必须和设施管理系统无缝衔接，通过传感器将设备与传感器连接，通过WIFI传递给网络终端，网络终端可以实施监测和管理末端点位的设备。最终，通过数据的可视化、故障实施报警、检修提醒等功能，可以实现数据的共享和交互，展示在中央控制大屏中的BIM模型上。
Secondly, the BIM model must be seamlessly connected with the facility management system. The device is connected to the sensor through the sensor and transmitted to the network terminal through WIFI. The network terminal can monitor and manage the end-point equipment. Finally, through data visualization, fault implementation alarm, maintenance reminder and other functions, data sharing and interaction can be realized and displayed on the BIM model in the central control screen.
最后，要注意的是网络安全问题。需要匹配高性能的防火墙，以防止黑客的攻击和不法分子通过网络漏洞对建筑的设备进行攻击，从而影响正常使用。同时，需要培训运维人员使用 BIM 技术，让他们能够成功地使用 BIM 技术实现设施管理。
Finally, there is the issue of network security. A high-performance firewall is required to prevent hackers and criminals from attacking building devices through network vulnerabilities, which may affect normal use. At the same time, operation and maintenance personnel need to be trained to use BIM technology, so that they can successfully use BIM technology to achieve facility management.
BIM技术在设施运维管理阶段的应用价值分析
Application value analysis of BIM technology in facility operation and maintenance management stage
资产管理：设施管理中的空间管理是一项复杂而繁琐的任务，需要对建筑物中的每个空间进行准确的标识和管理。BIM技术通过建立建筑的精确数字模型，可以帮助设施管理人员更好地管理空间，实现对建筑物内部空间的实时监测、调整和分配。
Asset Management: Space management in facility management is a complex and tedious task, which requires accurate identification and management of each space in the building. By establishing an accurate digital model of a building, BIM technology can help facility managers to better manage the space and realize real-time monitoring, adjustment and allocation of the interior space of a building.
能源管理：在设施管理中，能源消耗是一项重要的成本。BIM技术可以利用建筑物的精确数字模型和各个设备的数据，帮助设施管理人员对建筑物的能源消耗进行分析和预测，从而实现能源消耗的优化和节约。
Energy Management: Energy consumption is an important cost in facility management. BIM technology can make use of the accurate digital model of the building and the data of various equipment to help the facility management personnel to analyze and forecast the energy consumption of the building, so as to realize the optimization and saving of energy consumption.
维护和保养：设施管理中的维护和保养是一项关键任务，它可以保证建筑的安全、性能和寿命。BIM技术可以利用建筑的精确数字模型，帮助设施管理人员对建筑物进行精确的维护和保养，包括设备维修、空气质量监测、温度控制等。
Maintenance and upkeep: Maintenance and upkeep in facility management is a critical task that ensures the safety, performance and longevity of the building. BIM technology can make use of the accurate digital model of the building to help facility managers to carry out accurate maintenance and maintenance of the building, including equipment repair, air quality monitoring, temperature control, etc.
对接智慧城市：如果说建筑设施管理是一个细胞，那么智慧城市模型，就是一个完整的生态体。每一个建筑的空间资产、能源管理、运营维护在城市空间中展示。有效组织交通、停车、医疗、教育、甚至房屋的空置率和房产税等。
Docking smart city: If building facility management is a cell, then smart city model is a complete ecological body. The spatial assets, energy management, operation and maintenance of each building are displayed in the urban space. Effectively organize transportation, parking, health care, education, even housing vacancy rates and property taxes.
总结
summarize
BIM技术在设施管理的应用价值分析近年来，BIM技术已经成为建筑设计、施工、运营管理等领域的关键工具。对于设施管理而言，BIM技术不仅仅是一种工具，更是一种方法。本文将从BIM技术在设施管理中的应用价值方面进行探讨。
In recent years, BIM technology has become a key tool in the fields of architectural design, construction, operation management and so on. For facility management, BIM technology is not only a tool, but also a method. This paper will discuss the application value of BIM technology in facility management.
BIM 技术嫁接设施运维管理系统的优势是显而易见的。它可以提高设施管理的准确性和可操作性，同时可以节约时间和资源。然而，将运维管理系统委托给 BIM 技术也存在一些风险，包括数据的安全性、培训成本和系统的成本支出。因此，在采用 BIM 技术作为设施运维管理系统的解决方案时，需要进行全面和周密的前期策划和准备工作，以确保该解决方案的实施和使用的成功。
The advantages of BIM technology grafting facility operation and maintenance management system are obvious. It can improve the accuracy and operability of facility management, while saving time and resources. However, there are some risks associated with entrusting an operation and maintenance management system to BIM technology, including data security, training costs and system costs. Therefore, when adopting BIM technology as the solution of facility operation and maintenance management system, comprehensive and thorough preliminary planning and preparation work is needed to ensure the successful implementation and use of the solution.
BIM技术在设施管理中的应用，能够提高设施管理的效率、降低成本，并能够有效地提高建筑物的安全性能。因此，在设施管理中，应该充分利用BIM技术，实现对建筑物各项资源进行精确管理、优化和控制。
The application of BIM technology in facility management can improve the efficiency of facility management, reduce costs, and effectively improve the safety performance of buildings. Therefore, in facility management, BIM technology should be fully utilized to achieve accurate management, optimization and control of building resources.
作者：第六情报科
